Influenza risks during pregnancy: Experts warn against self-medication

WISE NEWS PRESS / ISTANBUL, TURKIYE

Dr. Meriç Kabakcı, an Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist at Acıbadem Taksim Hospital, has issued a critical warning regarding the increased vulnerability of expectant mothers to influenza and other respiratory infections during the freezing winter months. As people spend more time in crowded and poorly ventilated indoor spaces, the risk of viral transmission skyrockets, presenting significant dangers for pregnant women whose immune systems are naturally altered.

The specialist noted a significant surge in influenza cases among pregnant patients in recent days. Dr. Kabakcı stressed that symptoms such as a runny nose or a headache should never be underestimated with a "it will pass" mentality. Using over-the-counter medications without professional medical supervision during pregnancy can lead to life-threatening complications for both the mother and the developing fetus.

The Impact of Influenza on the Maternal Immune System

During pregnancy, the immune system undergoes complex changes to protect the fetus, which inadvertently makes the mother more susceptible to viral infections. Influenza, in particular, can be much more severe in pregnant women than in the general population. Dr. Kabakcı explained that viral infections during this period are not merely a discomfort but a serious medical concern that requires immediate attention from an obstetrician or a relevant specialist.

"Expectant mothers often hesitate to visit a doctor for minor symptoms, fearing hospital environments or unnecessary medication," Dr. Kabakcı stated. "However, the risks associated with high fever or respiratory distress caused by influenza far outweigh the risks of a supervised medical consultation. High fever, if left untreated, can negatively impact fetal development, while the wrong choice of medication can cross the placenta and cause irreversible harm."

Seven Effective Strategies to Combat Winter Infections

To minimize the risk of infection, Dr. Meriç Kabakcı recommends a multi-layered approach involving lifestyle adjustments and medical precautions. Here are the seven key recommendations for a healthy winter pregnancy:

1. Prioritize Hand Hygiene: Hygiene remains the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 seconds throughout the day, especially after using public transportation or arriving home from outside. When soap is unavailable, alcohol-based hand sanitizers should be used as a temporary measure.

2. Avoid Crowded and Enclosed Spaces: Shopping malls, public transport, and poorly ventilated offices are hotspots for viruses. Since the immune system is more sensitive during pregnancy, the risk of catching an infection in these environments is substantially higher. If entering such areas is unavoidable, wearing a surgical mask and maintaining physical distance is highly recommended.

3. Nutritional Support for the Immune System: A balanced diet is crucial for supporting the body's natural defenses. Foods rich in Vitamin C, Zinc, and protein play a key role. Expectant mothers should focus on seasonal fruits and vegetables, well-cooked meats, legumes, and adequate dairy intake. Hydration is equally important, as it keeps the respiratory mucosa moist, making it harder for viruses to take hold.

4. Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Research consistently shows that inadequate sleep weakens the immune response. Although hormonal shifts can make sleep difficult, aiming for 7 to 9 hours of quality rest allows the body to regenerate. Consistency in sleep and wake times, combined with stress management, provides a significant boost to the immune system.

5. Ensure Regular Ventilation of Living Spaces: A common mistake in winter is keeping windows closed to preserve heat. However, stagnant air allows germs to accumulate. Homes and workplaces should be aired out several times a day for short periods. Fresh air circulation is one of the most effective ways to reduce the viral load in an enclosed environment.

6. The Safety and Importance of Vaccination: The influenza vaccine is considered safe and effective during pregnancy. It provides a dual benefit: protecting the mother from severe illness and passing passive immunity to the newborn, which protects the infant during its first few months of life. Vaccination should always be discussed with and administered under the guidance of a doctor.

7. Consult Professionals Before Taking Any Medication: Not all medications are safe during pregnancy, and even herbal teas or supplements can interact with the physiological state of gestation. At the first sign of a sore throat, fatigue, or fever, professional medical advice must be sought. Self-medicating based on past habits or social recommendations is strictly discouraged.

Clinical Management of Gestational Infections

The management of infections during pregnancy requires a delicate balance. Dr. Kabakcı highlighted that while many people view the flu as a routine seasonal illness, for a pregnant woman, it can escalate into pneumonia or other secondary bacterial infections quite rapidly. Medical monitoring ensures that if a fever reaches critical levels—typically above 38°C—it can be brought down using pregnancy-safe antipyretics to prevent heat-related stress on the fetus.

Furthermore, the specialist advised that any vitamin or supplement use must be doctor-approved. "We see many patients trying to boost their immunity with high doses of specific vitamins they find online," Kabakcı warned. "In pregnancy, excessive amounts of certain vitamins can be just as harmful as a deficiency. The goal is a balanced intake through natural foods, supplemented only when a clinical need is identified by a physician."

In conclusion, a healthy winter pregnancy is achievable through vigilance and adherence to scientific guidelines. By combining strict hygiene, proper nutrition, and professional medical oversight, expectant mothers can navigate the influenza season safely, ensuring the best possible outcome for both themselves and their babies.

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